Taz x said:
so how many flies would it take to actually make a train stop for say 1/100th of a second?
First the train doesn't stop at all and neither does the fly!
So the question is not necessarily how many flies, but how fast does the fly have to go to stop the train.
Lets say that our train weighs 20 metric tonnes or 20,000 kg and is traveling at a sedately 5 mph = 2.2m/s thus momentum = mass x velocity = 44,000 kg.m/s.
The fly, a nice big blue bottle, just feasted on some carrion weighs 0.25 g = 0.00025 kg
Thus to make the train stop the fly would have to be traveling really really fast
44,000/0.00025 = 176,000,000 m/s or 0.58 the speed of light
If this fly was able to travel at the speed of light it would actually push the train backwards, however according to Einstein, at the speed of light the fly would have infinite mass. Thus you could make the hypothesis that at some point between the fly being stationary and less than the speed of light the fly and the train would have equal mass but different velocities.