gapTech said:
Doppler requires the emitter and receiver to be moving relative to each other and hence cause a frequency shift (red or blue). This is just echo location and ranging, like sonar.
Not quite. Sonar (SOund NAvigation and Ranging) and frequency shift can be used by to measure range of two moving objects (either using passive or active pings) hence the use of sonar ranging by torpedoes and sumarines to detect and range both moving surface vessels and sub surface vessels. Certainly doesn't require one to be stationary and providing you can measure the outgoing signal the frequency shift in the returning signal delivers range. The movement of the two objects is certainly relative to each other and doesn't require one to be stationary.