Strange that engine is very loud and if you focus on that could it be a burnt exhaust valve. Not sure whether that would trigger other fault codes. A compression test might help to eliminate possibility of engine problems. Ignition timing being out would also affect engine noise but most of my experience is on carb cars so not sure whether timing can slip on these cars. Given that the VANOS does have some impact on timing (??) that could give a clue.
Hope you get it resolved soon.
Hope you get it resolved soon.