Front splitters are 'designed' to reduce front wheel lift and improve a vehicle handling at variable speeds. The emphasis here is on design - the effect of the splitter has to compliment the airflow already being experienced by the vehicle body work when travelling at various speeds. Without a properly designed and constructed splitter which compliments the bodywork already in place then this can have a negative effect on the vehicle and cause and increase in the CD of the vehicle (CD - coefficient of drag). The CD is often quoted in vehicle adverts for cars as a selling point for efficiency especially in respec of fuel consumption. Depending on its positioning, a front splitter can limit how much air is directed under the vehicle by slicing through the incoming air stream and directing a portion of the airflow over the vehicle body. It is critical for a splitter's effectiveness that the airflow being directed to the vehicle's undercarriage remains laminar, i.e. smooth. Providing a laminar undercarriage air flow reduces drag and therefore allows the vehicle's aerodynamic efficiency to remain generally unaffected.
Functionally, a front splitter can be effective at higher road speeds in not only preventing front end lift, but also in providing an aerodynamic down force on the vehicle's front wheels. The overall aerodynamic effect is created usually by slicing the incident air flow by the splitter's forward portion and subsequent management and control of the undercarriage air stream by the splitter's underbody portion. The resultant dynamic down force generally helps the driver to retain control of the vehicle at higher road speeds. This down force is highly desirable in sports and racing vehicles, where the aerodynamic down force increases front tire grip in corners, enhances driver control and allows for faster race track lap times. Generally, for effective performance, a splitter's forward portion must be relatively rigid, while the undercarriage portion may remain somewhat flexible. A splitter providing the desired down force is usually developed empirically through design and subsequent testing of an entire assembly, including the splitter's forward and undercarriage portions, on an actual vehicle. Since a front splitter is typically associated with competition-type vehicles, such a device can be utilized to give conventional street vehicles a fashionably sporting appearance. For a conventional road going vehicle, however, the splitter design and its positioning are of necessity compromised toward operation on public roads, making it more of a "street type" device.
For operation on public roads a "street type" splitter must be configured for sufficient ground clearance to accommodate suspension and body movement over dips and potholes, which makes the splitter aerodynamically less effective. Another factor limiting the device's aerodynamic effectiveness are government regulations which typically limit how much a front splitter may physically protrude beyond the perimeter of the bumper on a production vehicle. Hence, the above limitations for a "street type" front splitter design will likely render it less effective for race track use.
In other words a front splitter not designed properly may be of little or no use - it may look good but not a lot else.