Of course it’s not clear or straightforward...it’s a law
You can’t/shouldn’t go in demanding your consumer rights (or claiming some freeman-of-the-land crap), bu knowing you’ve got some backup of the law if you need it is helpful, and means you shouldn’t dismiss asking about the possibility of a repair after the standard 1-2 year warranty has expired.
Even within the 12-24 month shop/manufacture warranty period, you’d still have to prove you’d not damaged it...but the earlier the better as the law provides less weight to your rights as time goes on - and of course there’s the expected life of a product to consider too...as you’d not expect a packet of biscuits to be perfect after 4 years, but you’d expect your car to not suddenly lunch it’s engine after the same period.
Theres no harm asking Apple to fix it, and even if they refuse you’ll only be in the same situation as you were before.
Personally never had a problem at 3 or 4 years old with Apple - assuming I’d not done something stupid like taking the screen off an iMac to put an SSD in and leaving a tiny internal sensor damaged